Orthopedics

You should see an orthopedic doctor if you experience:

• Chronic pain in your joints, bones, or muscles
• Injuries like fractures, sprains, or strains
• Difficulty moving or using a specific joint or limb
• Symptoms of arthritis, such as swelling, stiffness, or pain
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your limbs

Most of the common orthopedic conditions include:

• Osteoarthritis
• Fractures (bone breaks)
• Tendonitis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Sprains and strains
• Back and neck pain
• Sciatica
• Herniated discs Scoliosis (curved spine)

Treatment options vary depending on the condition but may include:

• Non-surgical treatments: Physical therapy, medications (e.g., pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs), braces or splints, corticosteroid injections, and lifestyle changes (e.g., weight loss).
• Surgical treatments: In some cases, surgery may be necessary, including procedures like joint replacement (hip or knee), arthroscopy (minimally invasive surgery), spinal surgery, or fracture repair.

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems. It involves inserting a small camera (arthroscope) into the joint through small incisions, allowing the surgeon to see the inside of the joint and make repairs with specialized instruments.

Joint replacement surgery involves removing a damaged or worn-out joint (usually the hip or knee) and replacing it with an artificial prosthesis. This procedure is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis or joint damage that hasn't responded to other treatments.

A fracture is a break in a bone, which can occur due to trauma (e.g., accidents), overuse, or weakening of the bone from conditions like osteoporosis. Fractures can range from hairline cracks to complete breaks and may require treatments like casting, splinting, or surgery.

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to a loss of bone mass and density. It increases the risk of fractures, especially in the spine, hips, and wrists. Preventive measures include adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, and medications.

Physical therapy is a treatment used to help patients recover from orthopedic injuries or surgeries. It involves exercises, stretches, and manual therapies designed to improve strength, mobility, and function. A physical therapist may also educate patients on posture, body mechanics, and techniques to prevent re-injury.

Surgery may be recommended if:

• Conservative treatments (e.g., medications, physical therapy) have not provided relief
• There is severe pain, swelling, or instability
• Daily activities or quality of life are significantly impacted
• Imaging tests (X-rays, MRIs) show severe damage or deformity

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, often in an "S" or "C" shape. Treatment depends on the severity of the curve and may include observation, physical therapy, braces, or surgery (such as spinal fusion) for severe cases.

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and wrist. Treatment options include wrist splints, medications, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases.

Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery, the patient's age, and overall health. For example, joint replacement surgery may take several months to fully recover, while arthroscopic surgery typically requires a shorter recovery period. Physical therapy often plays a key role in recovery.

A balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients is crucial for bone health. Calcium strengthens bones, while vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. Foods like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified cereals can help support bone density and prevent conditions like osteoporosis.

Preventing orthopedic injuries involves maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, practicing proper body mechanics, warming up before exercise, using appropriate footwear, and avoiding repetitive motions. Safety precautions, such as wearing protective gear during sports, can also help reduce the risk of injury.