Urology

treat a wide range of conditions, including:

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in both men and women
• Kidney Stones
• Incontinence and Overactive Bladder
• Prostate Issues such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer
• Male Infertility and Erectile Dysfunction
• Bladder and Kidney Cancer
• Pediatric Urology Issues, like bedwetting and undescended testes

You should consider seeing a urologist if you experience symptoms like:

• Persistent pain in the lower abdomen or back
• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Frequent or painful urination
• Incontinence or leakage of urine
• Difficulty urinating or urinary retention
• Erectile dysfunction or male infertility concerns

Urologists use a range of diagnostic tests, including:

• Urinalysis and Urine Culture
• Imaging Tests like ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI
• Urodynamic Testing to measure urine flow and bladder function
• Cystoscopy (using a camera to view the inside of the bladder)
• Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Test for prostate health

can vary widely based on the condition and may include:

• Medications for infections, overactive bladder, and prostate conditions
• Minimally Invasive Procedures like lithotripsy for kidney stones
• Surgery for removing tumors, repairing blockages, or other conditions
• Lifestyle Changes for incontinence and bladder health
• Hormone Therapy or Radiation Therapy for cancers

UTIs are often caused by bacteria, such as E. coli, entering the urinary tract through the urethra. Risk factors include poor hygiene, sexual activity, certain types of birth control, menopause, and urinary tract abnormalities.

Symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in the side and back, pain during urination, pink or red urine, nausea, and frequent urination. Small stones often pass naturally, but larger stones may require treatment.

BPH is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men. It can cause urinary issues, such as difficulty starting urination, weak stream, or the need to urinate frequently.

lifestyle changes can help manage certain urological conditions:

• Stay Hydrated: Drinking water helps prevent kidney stones and UTIs.
• Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Reducing these can help with overactive bladder and incontinence.
• Practice Pelvic Floor Exercises to strengthen bladder control.
• Healthy Diet for a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the bladder.

While incontinence is more common with age, it isn’t inevitable. Many types of incontinence are treatable, so it’s worth consulting a urologist to explore management and treatment options.

ED can be treated through medications, hormone therapy, lifestyle changes, vacuum erection devices, and, in some cases, surgery. A urologist can help determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Cystoscopy is a procedure in which a urologist inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the bladder through the urethra. It helps in diagnosing bladder conditions, blockages, or structural abnormalities.

• Drink plenty of water
• Practice good hygiene
• Avoid holding urine for too long
• Maintain a balanced diet and healthy weight
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, especially those over 50. Early detection through screening, like the PSA test, is essential, and a urologist can guide in managing prostate health.