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Colonoscopy

Overview

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A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) for abnormalities, such as polyps, inflammation, bleeding, or cancer. A flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted through the rectum to visualize the colon.

It is often recommended for individuals over 50 as a routine screening for colon cancer or for those with symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unexplained changes in bowel habits.

Colonoscopy
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How is Colonoscopy Done?

Proper preparation is crucial for a successful colonoscopy. Key steps include:
Dietary Restrictions:
  • Several days before the procedure, patients are advised to follow a low-fiber diet.
  • On the day before the procedure, they are typically instructed to consume only clear liquids (broth, water, clear juices).
Bowel Cleansing:
  • The colon must be empty for accurate results, which requires bowel prep using prescribed laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol).
  • The laxative is usually taken the evening before and sometimes the morning of the procedure.
Fasting:
  • Patients must refrain from eating or drinking for a set period (typically 8 hours) before the procedure.
Medication Adjustments:
  • Some medications, especially blood thinners, may need to be paused prior to the procedure as per the physician’s guidance.

  • Sedation: Patients typically receive sedation (mild sedative or anesthesia) to ensure comfort during the procedure.
  • Introduction of Colonoscope: A lubricated colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the entire colon.
  • Visualization and Evaluation: The camera on the colonoscope allows the doctor to view the colon lining on a monitor in real time. Air or carbon dioxide is introduced into the colon to inflate it for better visibility.
  • Biopsy and Polyp Removal: If any polyps or abnormal tissues are found, the doctor can take a biopsy (tissue sample) or remove polyps using specialized tools attached to the colonoscope.
  • Duration: The procedure usually lasts 30 to 60 minutes.

While colonoscopy is generally safe, there are potential risks, including:
  • Bleeding: Especially if a biopsy is taken or a polyp is removed, there may be bleeding, though it is usually minimal.
  • Perforation: In rare cases, the colon wall may be perforated, which may require surgical repair.
  • Infection: Though uncommon, infections can occur, particularly if the colon has existing issues such as ulcers.
  • Adverse Reaction to Sedation: Some patients may experience reactions to sedatives, including respiratory or cardiovascular issues.
  • Abdominal Discomfort: Cramping or bloating may occur due to the air introduced into the colon.
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What are the Benefits of Colonoscopy ?
  • Early Detection of Colon Cancer: Regular screening helps identify colon cancer early when it is most treatable.
  • Polyp Removal: Removal of precancerous polyps can prevent the development of cancer.
  • Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and diverticulitis can be diagnosed through colonoscopy.
  • Relief of Symptoms: Identification and treatment of sources of bleeding, pain, or other symptoms can improve patient quality of life.

Infrastructure Facilities Required for Colonoscopy

  • Endoscopy Suite: A dedicated sterile room with proper lighting and ventilation.
  • Colonoscope and Imaging Equipment: High-quality, flexible video colonoscopes and monitors for visualization.
  • Sterilization Facilities: Equipment for cleaning and sterilizing the colonoscope and accessories between procedures.
  • Sedation Equipment: Tools to administer sedation, including anesthesia machines and monitoring devices for patient vitals (heart rate, oxygen levels).
  • Recovery Area: A post-procedure recovery area with monitoring for patients as they recover from sedation.
  • Support Staff: Trained personnel, including nurses, endoscopy technicians, and anesthesiologists, to assist with the procedure and patient care.
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FAQs

Most patients experience little to no discomfort due to sedation. Some may feel bloating or cramping after the procedure.

For individuals without risk factors, colonoscopies are recommended every 10 years starting at age 50. Those with risk factors (family history of colon cancer) may need them more frequently.

Polyps are generally removed during the procedure and sent to a lab for further analysis. If benign, no further treatment is needed; if precancerous, follow-up may be recommended.

Patients typically recover quickly from sedation. Mild bloating and gas may be experienced but resolve within hours. Most people can resume normal activities the next day.

No, due to sedation, patients are required to have someone drive them home after the procedure.

If the colon isn’t clean enough for an accurate examination, the procedure may need to be rescheduled.

While colonoscopy is the gold standard, other methods include stool tests (FIT, FOBT) and virtual colonoscopy. However, colonoscopy allows for both detection and treatment (polyp removal) in one procedure.

This comprehensive understanding of colonoscopy highlights its importance for preventive healthcare and diagnosing gastrointestinal issues.

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Website Design and Development by Sterco Digitex

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