How is it Diagnosed?
Undescended testicle, or cryptorchidism, is typically diagnosed during routine newborn
physical examinations. The diagnosis involves palpation of the scrotum to determine
whether both testes are present. If one or both testicles are not palpable in the
scrotum, the condition is suspected.
In cases where the testis is non-palpable, further imaging may be required. Ultrasound
is often the initial imaging modality, although its sensitivity is limited, especially for intraabdominal testes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or diagnostic laparoscopy may be
employed for precise localization. Laparoscopy also allows simultaneous surgical
correction if needed.
Hormonal tests may support the diagnosis in select cases. Measuring serum levels of
luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and inhibin B can help
assess testicular function, especially in bilateral non-palpable cases.
In infants, undescended testes may descend spontaneously within the first six months.
Persistent undescended testicles beyond this age require referral to a pediatric surgeon
or urologist. Accurate diagnosis is essential because untreated cryptorchidism can lead
to complications such as infertility, increased risk of testicular cancer, inguinal hernias,
and testicular torsion.