How is it Diagnosed?
A tooth abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection within or
around the tooth root. Diagnosis begins with a detailed dental and medical history to
identify symptoms such as persistent toothache, swelling, sensitivity to hot or cold,
fever, or a foul taste in the mouth. Clinical examination often reveals tenderness, gum
swelling, or redness near the affected tooth. Intraoral palpation may elicit pain, and
percussion testing typically shows sensitivity in the involved tooth.
Dentists often use dental X-rays (periapical radiographs) to identify the location and
extent of the abscess, bone loss, or signs of spreading infection. Panoramic X-rays may
be employed for a broader view. In some cases, cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans provide
three-dimensional visualization to assess deeper spread, especially in complex cases or
when the abscess involves adjacent anatomical structures.
Pulp vitality tests, such as electric or thermal tests, help determine if the tooth’s pulp is
necrotic. In severe infections with systemic involvement, blood tests (CBC, inflammatory
markers) and microbiological cultures of pus may be indicated to identify causative
organisms and guide antibiotic therapy.
Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications such as cellulitis or spread to facial
spaces. Prompt dental intervention, including drainage and root canal therapy or
extraction, is essential for effective management.