How is it Diagnosed?
Liver cirrhosis is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory
tests, imaging, and sometimes liver biopsy. Initial suspicion arises from symptoms such
as fatigue, jaundice, abdominal swelling (ascites), and signs of liver failure or portal
hypertension (e.g., varices, splenomegaly). Blood tests include liver function tests
(LFTs), complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile, and serum albumin.
A low platelet count, elevated bilirubin, ALT, AST, and prolonged prothrombin time are
indicative. Ultrasound abdomen with Doppler is the first imaging modality, often
showing a shrunken, nodular liver and signs of portal hypertension.
Transient elastography (FibroScan) or MR elastography measures liver stiffness, aiding in noninvasive fibrosis assessment. CT or MRI may help evaluate liver structure and screen for
hepatocellular carcinoma. In ambiguous cases or for confirmation, a liver biopsy may be
done to grade fibrosis. Screening for underlying causes like hepatitis B/C, alcohol use,
or autoimmune disease is part of the workup.