How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosing impacted wisdom teeth involves a clinical examination and imaging studies.
Patients may present with pain, swelling at the back of the mouth, jaw stiffness, or
difficulty opening the mouth. Dentists or oral surgeons begin by examining the oral
cavity for signs of partially erupted teeth, gum inflammation (pericoronitis), or crowding.
The definitive diagnosis is made using dental X-rays, typically a panoramic radiograph
(orthopantomogram/OPG), which provides a full view of all teeth, jawbones, and
surrounding structures. This helps determine the position of the third molars (wisdom
teeth) in relation to adjacent teeth and bone. The impaction can be classified based on
angulation (mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, or horizontal), depth, and relationship
with the ramus of the mandible.
In some cases, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) may be used for a more
detailed 3D view, especially when the wisdom tooth is near vital structures like the
inferior alveolar nerve.
Soft tissue swelling, infection, or cyst formation may also be assessed through imaging.
If symptoms like bad breath, foul taste, or pus drainage are present, an infection might
be suspected.
Early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications such as dental caries in adjacent
molars, gum disease, or cysts. Regular dental check-ups and radiographs, especially in
adolescents and young adults, aid in early detection and management planning.