How is it Diagnosed?
Ear and nose deformities are diagnosed through clinical evaluation, imaging, and
occasionally genetic testing, depending on whether they are congenital or acquired.
The process begins with a comprehensive history, including prenatal, birth, trauma, or
surgical history, and any associated syndromes or family history.
Physical examination is essential. For ear deformities like microtia or anotia, the external
ear is evaluated for size, shape, and symmetry. Audiological testing is crucial to assess
hearing function and inner ear anomalies, typically via otoacoustic emissions or auditory
brainstem response (ABR). A CT scan of the temporal bones may be done to visualize
middle and inner ear structures.
For nasal deformities—ranging from cleft nasal deformity to saddle nose—examination
includes inspection and palpation of nasal bones, septum, and cartilage. Nasal airflow is
assessed through anterior rhinoscopy and, if needed, nasal endoscopy. Imaging,
especially CT of the paranasal sinuses and nasal bones, helps in assessing bony and
cartilaginous abnormalities.
In congenital syndromes like Treacher Collins or Goldenhar, a multidisciplinary team may
be involved, including ENT, plastic surgery, and genetics. Early diagnosis aids in planning
corrective surgeries, hearing rehabilitation, and improving cosmetic and functional
outcomes.