How is it Diagnosed?
Diabetic Retinopathy is diagnosed through comprehensive eye examinations,
particularly in individuals with long-standing diabetes. The first step in diagnosis
includes a detailed history of the patient's diabetic status, duration, and glycemic
control. An eye care professional conducts a dilated eye examination using
ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography. This allows visualization of the retina, where
early signs like microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates may be seen.
Fluorescein angiography is often used to assess retinal blood vessels more precisely. A
fluorescent dye is injected into a vein, and images are taken as the dye passes through
the retina’s vasculature, helping identify leakage, ischemia, or neovascularization.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging test, is used to detect
macular edema and measure retinal thickness in cross-section, offering critical insights
into disease severity.
Regular screening is vital for early detection, as diabetic retinopathy may remain
asymptomatic until advanced stages. Guidelines recommend annual screenings for all
diabetic patients, with more frequent assessments for those with established retinal
changes. Early diagnosis enables timely intervention such as laser therapy, intravitreal
injections, or vitrectomy, thereby preventing vision loss.