Trans-Bronchial Biopsy (TBB)

• Sedation/Anesthesia: TBB is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation, but general anesthesia may be used in some cases.
• Positioning The patient lies on their back or side during the procedure.
• Bronchoscope Insertion: The bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose, passing down the trachea and into the bronchi (airways leading to the lungs).
• Sample Collection: The physician inserts biopsy forceps through the bronchoscope to take small tissue samples from the lung. Fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray) or endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) may be used to guide the process.
• Completion: After collecting tissue samples, the bronchoscope is removed, and the patient is monitored while the sedation wears off.
• Post-Procedure: The patient is usually observed for a few hours to monitor for any complications. In most cases, the patient can go home the same day.

While TBB is generally safe, complications can occur:

• Bleeding: The most common complication; usually mild but occasionally severe.
• Pneumothorax: Air leakage into the pleural space (between the lungs and chest wall), causing a collapsed lung. Rare but serious.
• Infection: Risk of lung infection after the procedure.
• Respiratory Distress: Difficulty breathing may occur, especially in patients with pre-existing lung conditions.
• Bronchospasm: Narrowing of the airways leading to breathing difficulties.